Bạn refers theo Regex syntax guideline này:
https://www.cplusplus.com/reference/regex/ECMAScript/
Một số từ khoá cho bạn tìm kiếm ở trong guideline:
“4 kí tự đầu tiên trong chuổi”, “3 con số cuối cùng”
| characters | 
description | 
condition for match | 
| ^ | 
Beginning of line | 
Either it is the beginning of the target sequence, or follows a line terminator. | 
| $ | 
End of line | 
Either it is the end of the target sequence, or precedes a line terminator. | 
 “hết kí tự abc”
| characters | 
description | 
matches | 
| \w | 
word | 
an alphanumeric or underscore character (same as  [_[:alnum:]] ). | 
| \W | 
not word | 
any character that is not an alphanumeric or underscore character (same as | 
 
| characters | 
times | 
effects | 
| * | 
0 or more | 
The preceding atom is matched 0 or more times. | 
| + | 
1 or more | 
The preceding atom is matched 1 or more times. | 
 “liên kết chử và số”
| characters | 
description | 
effects | 
| (subpattern) | 
Group | 
Creates a backreference. | 
 Sau đó thì chạy 1 vòng lặp for để đổi lowercase sang uppercase.
Some people, when confronted with a problem, think “I know, I’ll use regular expressions.” Now they have two problems.